CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT
1. ONE
WORK BY ONE AUTHOR
Direct
Quotation:
“The
idea that language reflects or mirrors the mind’s content is hardly new. Since
the seventeenth century, philosophers have to looked language to gain insights
into the workings of the mind, particularly its capacity to acquire, store and
impart knowledge” (Cummings, 2005, p.138).
Paraphrase:
According
to Cummings (2005), in the seventeenth century if want to gain knowledge about
the workings of the mind, philosophers must look at the language, especially in
terms of acquiring, saving and conveying a knowledge.
2. ONE
WORK BY MULTIPLE AUTHOR
· 2
authors
Direct Quotation:
“Teacher usually understand a great deal about the
knowledge, abilities and skills of the learners in their classroom without the
need to resort to formal tests” (Fulcher and Davidson, 2007, p. 25).
Paraphrase:
According to Fulcher and Davidson (2007), without
holding a test, the teacher already knows how the knowledge, skills and
abilities of each student in the classroom.
· More
than 2 authors
Direct Quotation:
“The benefits of role playing depend on the quality
of the enactment and especially on the analysis that follows. They depend also
on the students perceptions of the role as similar to real-life situations”
(Joyce et al, 2000, p.62).
Paraphrase:
According to Joyce et al (2000), the quality of
legislation in particular on all subsequent analysis and students' perception
about the role similar to real-life conditions is a factor that could be the
advantage of role playing.
3. GROUP
AS AUTHOR
Direct Quotation:
“Nanoscale
particles and nanostructured porous materials have been used as effective
catalysts for increasing the rate of reactions or decreasing the necessary
temperature for reactions to occur in liquids and gases”
(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 2009, p.21).
Paraphrase:
According
to NIOSH (2009), the effective catalysts for use in increasing the reaction
rate or lowering the temperature required for the reaction in the liquid and
gas one of which is a nanoscale particle and nanostructured porous
4. AUTHOR
WITH THE SAME SURNAME
Direct Quotation:
“Although personal diaries are not the optimum forum
for assessing learners control of language, the exploration of personal views
in writing may automatically lead to a development in proficiency” (Keith
Johnson and Johnson, 1998, p.95).
Paraphrase:
According to Keith Johnson and Johnson (1998), by
creating a personal diaries, learners can explore personal views in writing, so
it can be possible to improve the proficiency in mastering language.
5. SECONDARY
SOURCES
Direct Quotation:
“Investigating literacy as practice involves
investigating literacy as ‘concrete human activity’, not just what people do
with literacy, but also what they make of what they do, the values they place
on it and the ideologies that surround it” (Baynham, 1995 as cited in Hyland,
2002, p.54).
Paraphrase:
According to Baynham (1995) study (as cited in
Hyland, 2002), ‘concrete human activity’ just like investigating literacy, not
just what is done with literacy, but also the results of what they do and the
values and ideologies that are applied and followed it.
6. CLASSICAL
WORK
Direct Quotation
“There is no good in much of their secret talks,
excepting him who enjoins charity or what is right or reconciliation between
people, and whoever does that, seeking Allah’s pleasure, soon We shall give him
a great reward.” (Qur’an 4:114).
